The study of the structure of the healthy human body is called anatomy. Derived from the Greek ”anatémnein”, anatomy roughly means ”cutting apart” or ”dissecting”. Anatomy today is no longer a question of just cutting up or dissecting the body. Rather, it deals with the way the functions of the individual parts interrelate in the functioning whole.

 

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We can divide the human body into three large groups of organs, systemized in accordance with their functions for the overall organism.

The first group is the locomotor system. This includes all organs that lend the body its characteristic shape and give it the capability to move.

The organ of this group that is probably the most important is the body’s bone system, the skeleton. It protects the soft parts of the body, forms the structure for the musculature and supports the body as the inner frame (endoskeleton). The joints form the movable connections between bones.

Another group in the system of organs are the internal organs. They are immediately involved in the life processes. For instance, the digestive system, the respiratory and circulatory system, the reproductive organs and the large glands are in this category.

All organs responsible for separating the body from the environment or that maintain contact with the environment are put into a third group. Here we should first of all specify the skin, which covers and protects the entire body. The skin passes over without interruption into the mucous membranes at some body openings, for instance those of the digestive tract. The skin protects the body from external influences, contains sensory cells for touch, pain and temperature and regulates the body temperature through sweat glands. The sensory organs take in information from the environment and pass them onto the nervous system. The classic five senses are hearing, seeing, smelling, tasting and touching.

The nervous system is a composite of nerve cells, so-called neurons. It takes in stimuli and passes them on, controls the activation of muscles and is responsible for the body’s coordination of the individual organ functions.

Although every person on earth is an individual and unique personality, and although no one human being is the same as another (with the exception of identical twins), all people have anatomical and functional similarities regardless of their sex or race.

 

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